Laravel Quiz: Advanced Level
Question 1
Explain the concept of eager loading in Laravel and its performance implications.
Answer: Eager loading is an optimization technique in Laravel that allows you to load related models with a single database query, improving performance significantly compared to lazy loading. It's achieved using the with method on relationships.
Question 2
Describe the difference between a soft delete and a hard delete in Laravel. When would you use each?
Answer:
- Soft delete: Marks a record as deleted without physically removing it from the database. This is useful for implementing features like restore and trash.
- Hard delete: Permanently removes a record from the database. Use this when data is no longer needed or for compliance reasons.
Question 3
What is the purpose of service containers and service providers in Laravel?
Answer:
- Service containers: Resolve dependencies and manage class instances.
- Service providers: Bootstrap the application and register services into the container. They are the core of Laravel's service oriented architecture.
Question 4
Explain the concept of dependency injection in Laravel and provide an example.
Answer: Dependency injection is a design pattern where classes receive their dependencies from external sources rather than creating them themselves. Laravel uses this extensively. Example: Injecting a repository into a controller to interact with the database.
Question 5
How would you implement custom validation rules in Laravel?
Answer: Create a custom validation rule class extending Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\Rule and implement the passes method. Register the rule using the Validator::extend method.
Question 6
What is the difference between a middleware and a route filter in Laravel?
Answer:
- Middleware: Handles incoming requests and outgoing responses. Can be applied to groups of routes or individual routes.
- Route filters: Older mechanism for filtering routes, largely replaced by middleware.
Question 7
Explain the role of the kernel in a Laravel application.
Answer: The kernel is the heart of the application, handling the request lifecycle, booting the application, and dispatching the HTTP kernel or console kernel based on the request type.
Question 8
How do you optimize database queries in Laravel?
Answer:
- Use eager loading
- Utilize query scopes
- Index database columns appropriately
- Use raw SQL when necessary (with caution)
- Leverage caching
Question 9
What is the purpose of facades in Laravel? When should they be used with caution?
Answer: Facades provide a static interface to classes. They can simplify code but make testing more difficult. Use with caution and consider dependency injection for better testability.
Question 10
Explain the difference between Eloquent and query builder in Laravel.
Answer:
- Eloquent: ORM that provides an object-oriented interface to interact with the database.
- Query builder: Lower-level interface for building SQL queries directly.
Question 11
How would you implement rate limiting in a Laravel application?
Answer: Use Laravel's built-in throttle middleware or custom middleware with a rate limiting library.
Question 12
What is the role of the app directory in a Laravel project?
Answer: Contains the core application logic, including controllers, models, requests, providers, and console commands.
Question 13
How would you implement user authentication and authorization in Laravel?
Answer: Use Laravel's built-in authentication scaffolding or create custom authentication logic. For authorization, use Laravel's gates or policies.
Question 14
Explain the concept of polymorphic relationships in Laravel.
Answer: Polymorphic relationships allow a model to belong to more than one type of model. This is useful for comments, images, etc.
Question 15
How would you implement job queuing in Laravel?
Answer: Use Laravel's queue system with drivers like database, Redis, or Beanstalkd. Define jobs and dispatch them.
Question 16
What is the purpose of the config directory in a Laravel project?
Answer: Stores application configuration settings.
Question 17
How would you test your Laravel application?
Answer: Use PHPUnit for unit and integration tests. Laravel provides testing helpers.
Question 18
Explain the concept of events and listeners in Laravel.
Answer: Events allow decoupling components. An event is triggered, and listeners subscribe to listen for and handle the event.
Question 19
How would you deploy a Laravel application to production?
Answer: Consider using deployment tools like Laravel Forge, Envoyer, or manual deployment with Git and a deployment script.
Question 20
What are some performance optimization techniques for Laravel applications?
Answer:
- Caching
- Eager loading
- Query optimization
- Using a content delivery network (CDN)
- Code optimization
- Database indexing
- Server optimization
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